Page 198 - Clinical Pearls in Cardiology

186 Clinical Pearls in Cardiology

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Snowman/Figure of 8 TAPVC
Figure of 3 / Reverse figure of 3 Coarctation of aorta
Goose neck sign Endocardial cushion defect
Scimitar sign Partial anomalous
pulmonary venous return

8. Which are the named radiological signs in pulmonary
embolism?
Some of the named, but uncommon, radiological signs
in pulmonary embolism are the following:
Radiological signs in pulmonary embolism
Westermark sign—a prominent central pulmonary artery with
local oligemia
Hampton hump—pleural areas of increased opacity due to
intraparenchymal hemorrhage
Palla’s sign—an enlarged right descending pulmonary artery

9. What are the radiological signs in mitral stenosis ?
Signs of left atrial enlargement are often the earliest
changes on chest radiography in a person with mitral
stenosis (Fig. 6). The important radiological findings
are the following:
• Straightening of the left heart border by prominent
pulmonary arteries coupled with enlargement of the
left atrial appendage.
• Left atrial enlargement can be observed as a double
contour of the left atrium (the double density sign or
double right heart border sign).
• Distension of the pulmonary arteries and veins in the
upper lung fields and pleural effusions indicate