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Key Vocabulary

Lesson 3: Genetics

Alleles - Any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation,
that are responsible for hereditary variation.

Chromosomal disorders - Genetic disorders caused by defects to entire
chromosomes.

Codominance - Of or pertaining to two different alleles that are fully
expressed in a heterozygous individual.

DNA - An extremely long macromolecule that is the main component of
chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics in all
life forms, constructed of two nucleotide strands. The genetic information of
DNA is encoded in the sequence of the bases and is transcribed as the
strands unwind and replicate.

Dominant Trait - A trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents
contributes it.

Environment - The external factors surrounding and affecting an organism
at any given time.

F1 generation - The offspring of the P generation.

F2 generation - The offspring of the F1 generation.

Gene therapy - The application of genetic engineering to the transplantation
of genes into human cells in order to cure a disease caused by a genetic
defect.

Gene - The basic physical unit of heredity; a linear sequence of nucleotides
along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instruction for synthesis of
proteins.

Genetic disorders - Inherited genetic defects.

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