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Genetics - The science of heredity, dealing with resemblances and

differences of related organisms resulting from the interaction of their genes
and the environment.

Genotype - The genetic makeup of an organism or a group of organisms
with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or entire complex of traits.

Gregor Mendel - An Austrian monk and biologist. He developed the
fundamental laws of genetics through his experiments with pea plants.

Heredity - The transmission of genetic characters from parents to offspring.

Heterozygous - Having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary
characteristic.

Homozygous - Having similar pairs of genes for any hereditary
characteristic.

Human Genome Project - A global effort, completed in 2003, to sequence
and map all human genetic information.

Incomplete dominance - The appearance in a heterozygote of a trait that is
intermediate between either of the trait’s homozygous phenotypes.

Laws of heredity - The laws of the inheritance of genetic information.

P generation - The parent generation.

Pedigree analysis - A graphic showing the inheritance of a trait or traits
throughout a lineage.

Phenotype - The appearance of an organism resulting from the interaction
of the genotype and the environment.

Polygenic traits - Traits controlled by two or more genes.

Punnett Squares - Tables used to determine the probability of offspring
inheriting traits from their parent(s).

Recessive Trait - A trait that must be contributed by both parents inorder to
appear in the offspring.

Recombinant DNA - DNA combined from two or more sources.

Restriction enzymes - Enzymes used to cut DNA at specific points.

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