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Executive Support System (ESS)

Executive Support System (ESS) is an extension of the management information system, which
is a special kind of DSS; An ESS is specially tailored for the use of chief executive of an
organization to support his decision-making. It includes various types of decision-making but it
is more specific and person oriented

Office Automation Systems

Office automation systems (OAS) are configurations of networked computer hardware and
software. A variety of office automation systems are now applied to business and communication
functions that used to be performed manually or in multiple locations of a company, such as
preparing written communications and strategic planning. In addition, functions that once
required coordinating the expertise of outside specialists in typesetting, printing, or electronic
recording can now be integrated into the everyday work of an organization, saving both time and
money.

Types of functions integrated by office automation systems include (1) electronic publishing; (2)
electronic communication; (3) electronic collaboration; (4) image processing; and (5) office
management. At the heart of these systems is often a local area network (LAN) . The LAN
allows users to transmit data, voice, mail, and images across the network to any destination,
whether that destination is in the local office on the LAN, or in another country or continent,
through a connecting network. An OAS makes office work more efficient and increases
productivity

LIMITATIONS OF MIS

1. MIS cannot replace managerial judgment in decision making. It is merely effective tool for

the managers in decision making problem solving.

2. The quality of output of MIS is directly proportional to the quality of input and processes.

3. MIS cannot provide tailor made information packages. It is required to analyse the available

information before decision making.

4. In a fast changing and complex environments, MIS may not have enough flexibility to update

itself quickly.

5. MIS takes only quantitative factors into account.

6. MIS is less useful for making non programmed decisions.

7. MIS is less effective in organizations where information is not being shared with others.

8. MIS is less effective due to frequent changes in top management, organizational structure and

operational staff.