Page 12 - Class Portfolio 2019

UNIT I
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

ANAL STAGE (18 months to 3 years)

The child’s focus of pleasure in this stage is the anus. The child finds satisfaction in eliminating
and retaining feces.
In terms of personality, fixation during this stage is can result in being

 Anal retentive, an obsession with cleanliness, perfection, and control;
 Anal expulsive, where the person may become messy and disorganized.

PHALLIC STAGE (ages 3 to 6)

The pleasure or erogenous zone is the genitals. During this preschool age, children become
more interested in what makes boys and girls different. Pre-schoolers will sometimes be seen
fondling their genitals.

 Freud’s studies led him to believe that during this stage boys develop unconscious sexual
desire for their mother. Boys then see their father as a rival for her mother’s affection.
Boys may fear that their father will punish them for these feelings, thus, the castration
anxiety. These feelings comprise what Freud called Oedipus Complex.
 Psychoanalysts also believed that girls may also have a similar experience, developing
unconscious sexual attraction towards her father, this is what is referred to as the Electra
Complex.

LATENCY STAGE (age 6 to puberty)

 It’s during this stage that sexual urges remain repressed.
 The children’s focus is the acquisition of physical and academic skills. Boys usually relate
more with boys and girls with girls during this stage.

GENITAL STAGE (puberty onwards)

 The fifth stage of psychosexual development begins at the start of puberty when sexual
urges are once again awakened.
 In the earlier stages, adolescents focus their sexual urges towards the opposite sex
peers, with the pleasure centered on the genitals.

FREUD’S PERSONALITY COMPONENTS

THE ID

 A child is born with the ID
 Operates on the pleasure principle
 Focuses on immediate gratification or satisfaction of its needs. Whatever feels good now
is what it will pursue with no consideration for the reality, logicality, or practicality of the
situation.
 It is not oriented towards considering reality nor the needs of others.

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