Page 132 - Class Portfolio2019

UNIT III
ANTHROPOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS

IMPORTANT FILIPINO CULTURAL VALUES

• Utang-na-loob (Debt of Gratitude) - Is an obligation to repay a person from whom one
has received a favor. ¨ When abused, utang-na-loob becomes burden, as it makes as a
person beholden to his debtor, and a hindrance to freedom of decision.

• Hiya - There are various connotation of hiya: In relation to utang-na-loob, when an
individual cannot reciprocate the favor done to him, or the repayment seems not
acceptable to the one who gave the favor.

• Pakikisama - This is closely related to utang-na-loob. It is the value of belongingness
and loyalty to the small in-group with sensitivity to the feelings of others on the principle
of “good and take”.

• Bahala na - A common expression among Filipinos. It rests on the “spirits” who will take
care of everything if they are really meant for a person.

• Authoritarianism - It is dependence of Filipinos in a paternalistic rather than in a stern
way upon the elders of the family, upon their boss, if employed, and upon people authority
as their father figure.

• Amor-propio(self-esteem) - It is the individual’s highly emotional reaction to protect his
honor and dignity when there are threatened or question and to retaliate. ¨ Common forms
of amor- propio are “hele-hele bago quire,” or “pakipot” which shows as the outset a
person initially refusing an offer even if he really wants very much to accept it.

PROCESS OF VALUING

 Valuing Process is a method devised by Carl Rogers to combat a person's incongruence,
or feelings of inadequacy despite having made several life achievements. Rogers
believed that to achieve happiness, a psychologist could guide the person through using
the valuing process to determine his or her own personal values, whether or not those
values lined up with society and authority figures in the person's life. It is then the person's
responsibility to follow which path stays true to their values and will make them happy.

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