Page 54 - Class Portfolio2019

UNIT I
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

2. Success and Failure:

Psychological analysis of success from the point of view of the learner shows the following
possibilities:

(1) To reach a goal constitutes success.

(2) To get within the region of the goal may be a success experience

(3) To make some progress in the direction of the goal also constitutes a success
experience.

(4) To select a socially approved goal is also a success experience.

Psychological success or failure depends upon ego involvement and the level of aspiration.
Success in easy task is not a success experience, since it does not involve the ego of the
person. Similarly, failure in a very difficult task is no failure experience.

3. Motivation: The repetition of an activity brings change both in the cognitive structure and in
the need-tension systems. As a result of this goal, attractiveness changes. Lewin calls goal
attractiveness valence and valence change.

The valence may change in any of the following ways:
(1) Attractive goals may lose attention if the activity related to them is repeated to the
points of satiation.

(2) Choice of goals is influenced by previous experiences of success and failure.

4. Memory: The field theory states the following regarding memory:

(1) Tasks which have no sense in completion are not remembered.

(2) Unfinished tasks are remembered better than finished tasks because of
psychological tension.

(3) Tasks which lead to the satisfaction of many needs are remembered better than
tasks which lead to the satisfaction of one need.

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