Page 71 - Class Portfolio2019

UNIT I
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

Motive, which is within the individual, has a definite goal to achieve. For example, Ann’s parents
are ready to support her through college. So she is encouraged to enroll in college. This is
motivation. She takes an education course because her motive is to be a teacher; her goal, to
land a teaching job.

Incentive, on the other hand, is an external benefit or reward of some kind derived from
an activity it may come in the form of social approval as praise, good grades, honors, medals,
and the like. Praising is a motivation, the praise given is an incentive.

CLASSES OF MOTIVATION

There are two classes of motivation.
1. Intrinsic motivation. An internal stimulus that arouses one to action. It is based on motive,
which is always intrinsic. A motive arouses one to do something.
Ex. If a learner wants to solve a mathematical problem however difficult it is, he
can solve it correctly. He feels elated and with self-fulfillment.

2. Extrinsic motivation. An external stimulus to action. This type of motivation is based on
incentive and it comes from the outside of the individual, that is, from the external
environment.
It comes from the form of praise, social approval, high grades, medals and the
likes.

CLASSIFICATION OF MOTIVES

Motives may be classified as follows:
1. Biological and physiological drives
- Innate or inborn stimuli
- In the hierarchy of motives, biological drives are the lowest but the most important
Ex. Desire for food, water, shelter, and other comforts of the body

2. Psychological drives
- Are social drives which are acquired, learned or derived
- These are the need for social approval, security, safety, belongingness, love, esteem,
prestige, power and the like.
- Second in the hierarchy of motives

3. Creativity or self-actualization
- Are general or unconscious drives or motives
- Desire to do something not out of necessity but simply the urge to achieve something
exceptional for the good of humanity.
- The highest level in the hierarchy

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