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FRANÇOIS-MARIE AROUET - also known by his
pen name VOLTAIRE - a French Enlightenment
writer, historian and philosopher famous for his
wit, his criticism of Christianity, especially the
Roman Catholic Church, and his advocacy of
freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and
separation of church and state. He was the most
versatile of all philosophers during this period. He
believes that fear of shame was a deterrent to
crime. He fought the legality-sanctioned practice of
torture.

FRANKPLEDGE – a system of mutual protection.
Under this system, a community was divided into
tithings or groups of 10 men, each member of
which was responsible for the conduct of the other
members of his group and for the assurance that a
member charged with a breach of the law would be
produced at court.

FRAUDULENT – that which is done with intent to
swindle or usurp.

FRAUDULENT SIGNATURE – a forged signature. It
involves the writing of a name as a signature by
someone other than the person himself, without his
permission, often with some degree of imitation.

FREAK CRIME ACCIDENT – are situations when all
the elements of the crime are present and merged
at the same time and the same place; however the
victim is not the intended one due to error in
persona (mistaken identity). This is called a freak
crime accident.

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