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ALLEGIANCE – the obligation of fidelity and
obedience which the individuals owe to the
government under which they live or to their
sovereign, in return for the protection they receive.

ALLIGATOR PATTERN – a pattern of deep cracking
on the surface of a material that has been burned
which could point to the point origin of the fire:
appearance of charred wood that is similar to the
alligator skin.

ALLIGATORING – the checking of charred wood,
which gives it the appearance of alligator skin.

ALLOY – metals mixed by fusing.

ALPHOSE BERTILLON - a French Anthropometrist
who devised an identification system based on
the theory that every individual has unique body
measurements prominently known as the
Bertillion System. He was considered ‘Father of
Criminal Identification’.

ALTER – To add, change, substitute or omit
something from a pleading or instrument.

ALTERNATIVE CIRCUMSTANCES – circumstances
in law which can me aggravating or mitigating
according to the nature and effect of the crime and
other conditions attending its commission.

ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS – also called
alternative medicine, alternative therapies or
complementary medicine. A variety of therapeutic
or preventive health care practices that do not

16 | A T O Z I N C R I M I N O L O G Y