Page 173 - Nicolaes Witsen & Shipbuilding in the Dutch Golden Age

104. Pinrails
The pinrail covered the up per ends of the top timbers in the forec astle and abo ve the top pl anking. Outboard were the rails, which had been fastened onto the top of the top timbers (see section 62, Hereafter it is done up outside, with Wales, Filling Strakes and Sheer rails, Washstrake, Vertuining and Railing). Holes were made in the pinrail for the belaying pins, onto which ropes were belayed. The horizontal parts of the sm aller bitts were also called pinrails.
Witsen mixes up the terms pinrail and kevel rail (see section 112, Apply the Kevel Rail, if necessary).
105. Kevels.
How Ships Are Built in Holland Today
Figure 2.207. (top) Plate XXXIV. Pinrail.
Figure 2.208. (bottom) Plate XXXIV. Pinrail and post to the pinrail (incorrectly called “kevel rail” and “post to the kevel rail”).
(89 II 37) 54. About the Kevels.
1. Here are four kevels, broad above 1 foot, broad be-
low 9 inches, thick 3 inches, above wide 18 inches, below 9 inches.
1. The belaying pins, long 8 inches, broad 6 inches, thick 21⁄2 inches.
2. The kevels, long 10 inches, broad 7 inches, thick 3 inches.
(90 II 37) 61. About the kevels behind the main Mast.
1. These k evels, between the heels, wide 18 inches,
broad 6 inches, thick 2 inches, long 7 inches, below long 1foot,standingcrookedlyinachock,broad21⁄2 inches, thick 11⁄2 inches.
(91 I 31) 62. About the kevels behind the mizzenmast.
1. The kevel between the heels, wide 15 inches, broad
6 inches, thick 2 inches.
2. Long 7 inches.
3. Below long 1 foot, and curved, standing in a chock,
broad 21⁄2 inches, thick 11⁄2 inches.
(71 II 18) 38. The kevels, 8 feet 1 inch.
(90 I 24) 55. About the Pinrail.
The pinrail lies on the upper ends of the top timbers,
joinedwithascarf.Initsomeholesaredrilled ,toput the belaying pins in, onto which the ropes are belayed.
1. The pinrail, broad 8 inches. 2. Thick 41⁄2 inches.
(90 II 24) 60. About the Kevels, behind the Foremast.
1. There are two k evels on each side, thick 3 inches, broad 41⁄2 inches, broad above 8 inches, broad below
seven inches, long 1 foot.
2. The kevels go through the kevel rail, into a chock,
thick 3 inches, broad 4 inches.
3. The kevels, above wide 3 f eet 8 inches, the lower
ends on the k evel rail, wide 7 inches, the lower ends long 15 inches.
105. The Kevels
Kevels were belaying points placed in the ship’s side and used for he avy parts of the rigging, suc h as the sheets, braces, and tac ks. On the fore castle of the pinas there were two to e ach side, one pair for the t acks of the fore- sail and one for the sheets of the sprits ail (these c ould also be placed amidships). Amidships there were another two pairs, one for the sheets of the fores ail and one for the tacks of the mainsail, and abaft the mainmast another
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