Page 174 - Nicolaes Witsen & Shipbuilding in the Dutch Golden Age

Chapter Two
Figure 2.209. Plate XLII. The ship’s longitudinal section.
(58 II 24) In the Ship’s longitudinal section, A is the sternpost, B the stem, on which or beside which on a chock or fender the bowsprit lies, C the heel of the keel, on which the rudder rests, D the kinback [“boxing scarf” or “boxing of the stem” in English, but it could be called the “chin,” as it is in Dutch, being the bottom of the head of the ship] of the keel; which is a scarf to the stem and the keel, E a knee on the keel, holding the sternpost to the keel, F the oor timbers, lying on the keel
and bilge, G the keelson: this lies above the keel, on the timbers. H is a wing transom, fastened on to the sternpost with a shoulder and dovetail. I are the transoms, holding
the fashion pieces; ii the broekstuck, coming across the ends of the fashion pieces, on the sternpost. K the beams, in the hold. L the beams of the main deck [actually the upper deck]. M riding bitt knee; the cables are belayed onto the bolster
of the bitt and the bitts. N is a bitt, to which the bolster is fastened. O fore knight. P main knight; with it the topmasts and yards are hoisted. Q capstan, of which the foot often rests on an arch. R the fore step: in w hich stands the foremast, and next to which a chock. S the main step. V bread and cheese room. W gun room. X cabin. Y Steering stand . YO hutch,
or aperture into which the whipsta goes; namely, when the
pair for the sheets of the m ainsail. Behind the mizz en- mast there was another pair on whic h the braces of the mainsail were belayed.
106. The Bulkhead before the Gun Room.
upper deck is too low to use the w hipsta . Z the upper cabin. ST the rudder, pintles, and gudgeons of the rudder, made
of iron. TS mizzen step. TX riders, l ying before and aft of the [main] step. TZ the mizzen knight. CO the rake of the sternpost. OM height of the sternpost, GL the stern rabbet. KK rising oor timbers. GK the chock, in which the bowsprit lies. GM gunports. GY the bulkhead before the cabin. GZ bulkhead or trellis for the steering stand . LA the bulkhead for the forecastle and cable tier, against which stairways
are standing. YY mainmast. HH mizzenmast. GG foremast. LB bowsprit. LG the door, and bulkhead of the upper cabin: against which stairways are standing. NN scuppers
of the lower deck. OO scuppers of the upper deck. Q R are breasthooks. From d to f is the raking of the stem. QS is the bolster. At QT a stairway goes down. TTT points out the sweep and tiller. KKK the arch above the steering stand: in which the trellises come. ZZ the stair way before the steering stand. LD the powder room. LE are hatches. LF the pump. Often a pump was also installed near the mainmast, w hich was called the brake pump. LG the aft cabin.
Sometimes cabins or, instead, henhouses are made on top of the cabin.
oor
inches, broad 2 inches. The deals thick 1 inch. The bat- ten below broad 21⁄2 inches.
(79 I 12) 9. The bulkhead is made against the mizzen mast.
10. The door, to port, stands 4 feet from the ship’ s side, and is wide 4 feet below , but 3 feet 9 inches above: in Fluyts it mostly stands to starboard.
11. The stanchions thick 3 inches, broad 4 inches. 12. The ledges thick 11⁄2 inches, broad 2 inches.
13. The deals thick 1 inch.
14. The batten below broad 21⁄2 inches, thick 2 inches.
156
(78 II 2) The bulkhead is made against the aft side of the mizzenmast, between the second and the third beam: the door is to port, and is 4 feet from the ship’ s side, wide below 4 feet, above 3 feet 9 inches. The posts are thick 3, and broad 4 inches. The ledges thick 1 1⁄2