Page 77 - Nicolaes Witsen & Shipbuilding in the Dutch Golden Age

mulate and be pumped out mor e easily. The outer side of the garboard strake had to come up to the height of the upper face of the keel.
Forward, the str ake ended in the r abbet of the stem; aft, it turned, as described abo ve, to the vertical and ended in the garboard stern rabbet, the part of the stern- post that was made thinner at both sides for this purpose.
All scarfs in the str akes were tapered, stopped scarfs, which spanned at least four frames between the stopped ends.
18. Make the Bottom, and make it level. (67 I 29) About the Bottom.
9. 1. For the width of the bottom tak e 2⁄3 of the en- tire width, w hich is deck heigh t. Example, 2 5 feet wide comes to 16 feet 7 1⁄2 inches, for the width of the bottom.
2. The bottom should rise ⁄ inch to every foot on the main frame. The rest of the width of the ship is to be added at each side of the bottom equall y: up to main deck heigh t. When the ship is wider than the proportions given here, then the last bottom strak e is givenalittlemorerisethanwouldother wisebethe case, going well into the turn of the bilge, and not be like a trough. [ . . . ]
The width of the bottom men tioned above; should be understood as on the place of the main frame, where the ship is its widest, which is at one third from the front.
The bottom furthermore, rises and descends, is made sharp or at, to one’s pleasure, and according to the use of the vessel.
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(68 II 15) The bottom planks one fourth part of the thickness of the stem.
(55 II 14) Boejen [or boeien]: is putting on the planks underneath,outwarduptothetopofthebilges,where the side of the ship is called the boeizel [or boeisel].
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(67 I 22) The planking should be fashioned in the way the futtocks bend outward.
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(72 II 47) When attaching the planks to the stems, of- ten they are tarred well around.
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The planks thick 1⁄4 of the stem. . ..
More often than not the planks are tak en a little less than one fourth of the stem.
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(151 I 7) The planking of the turn of the bilge, and farther up in the sides of the Ship, that have to be bent, are tightened with Jackscrews, after they have been heated.
a Is the Keel block.
b The Keel.
c The Garboard strake.
d The plank next to the Garboard strake.
e The Planking tongs with which the Planking is
held, forced and bent.
f The Chock.
g Wedges with which one makes the planking tongs tight.
h The Hook and chain.
i The Lever.
k The Lever rope.
l The planking cleat.
m The cleat on the keel and the Garboard strake.
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(151 I 12) When the bottom is plank ed, it is hewn o to the well-lined proportion, it is made equal heigh t on each side using a level with a plumb bob [no. 18 in fig. 1.20] and then small shores are placed underneath, for it to remain unalterable. Then with the chisel all important places are marked, to be found again when needed. As can be seen for the strut d on the plate at V [fig. 2.46].
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(151 I 1)
k The Garboard strake.
c The Keel.
i The chocks between which the Keel lies. h The Keel block, underneath the keel.
a The oor timbers.
(74 I 29) The planks thick 4 inches
(68 I 43)
(68 II 10)
How Ships Are Built in Holland Today
(150 II 17)
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How the first planks are applied, is shown in the Plate at letter R [fig. 2.45].
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