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Answer key: Unit 4
4 Just the job! 3 1 industrial revolution 2 textile workers
3 candles 4 wind farms 5 residents 6 equal say
7 ethical code 8 fossil fuel(s)
Reading and Use of English | Part 1
CD 1 Track 11
2 ideas 1 and 4 Hi, well, as you know, I’ve been doing a project on co-
operatives, their history and what they’re like today.
3 1 A 2 D 3 C 4 B 5 D 6 A 7 B 8 C Erm, although farmers and people have always worked
together from prehistory onwards, what we know today
as co-operatives really got going during the industrial
Reading and Use of English | Part 8 revolution. They were frequently started by workers in
situations where perhaps their companies were exploiting
2 Suggested answer: Graduates should have lots of
opportunities to be successful, but in fact for them the them or mistreating them in some way and they were seen
future is frightening. as a way of providing protection for employees.
The first one to really last and make a go of things was set
up in a town in the north of England, Rochdale, about a
3 Suggested underlining
1 advise / continue job-hunting while already working hundred and seventy years ago. The local textile workers
2 why / accept / certain type of employment had gone on strike, but then their employer, who ran the
opportunity local shop, the company shop, retaliated by refusing to
3 suggestion / job hunting / unsuccessful sell them food. Rather than starve, they started a co-
4 variety of ways of obtaining employment operative food store whose purpose was to provide basic
5 how / create a good impression foodstuffs just so people could survive. The employer in
6 need to maintain relationships question then went a step further by refusing to sell gas to
7 recommend / way of thinking positively the striking employees, so because they had no light, the
8 why / some jobs / fewer applicants co-operative started selling candles as well, even though
9 some information / difficult to hide that hadn’t been part of their original plan.
10 employment opportunity / disapproves Well, from those conflictive origins, the movement was
born and there are still co-operatives around today, ones
4 1 C 2 C 3 B 4 B 5 A 6 D 7 D 8 B 9 A 10 C which have been around for more than a hundred years
running whole groups of shops in a region or over the
whole country or offering banking and insurance. There
Vocabulary are also ones which have been started very recently and
are involved in all sorts of new technologies such as wind
Dependent prepositions
farms or designing internet sites and the like.
1 of 2 from, of 3 for, for 4 for 5 to 6 on 7 with So what is a co-operative, exactly? Well, they’re regulated
by law and are run as competitive businesses – they of
Adjective–noun collocations (1) course have to compete with conventional commercial
1 1 major 2 long, wide businesses, the difference being that instead of having
shareholders they have members and these people can
2 1 wide 2 extreme 3 big 4 high 5 big 6 high be almost anyone. They may be residents in the case of a
7 big 8 strong 9 high 10 strong housing co-operative or customers, perhaps if it’s a chain
of stores, as well as members of staff, anyone really who
might benefit from the existence of the co-operative.
Listening | Part 2 Any money the co-operative makes can be shared out
between members if they so wish, because when it comes
2 Suggested answers to determining what the co-operative should do in any
2 a person or group of people 3 an item sold in a store given situation, everyone has an equal say.
(not food) 4 an area of activity 5 types of people So, what makes them different from commercial
who might be members 6 something connected with businesses? Well, for many people the strong attraction
decisions – interest/influence? 7 something special which sets them apart and is really boosting their
that present-day co-operatives have 8 a harmful popularity at the moment is that they follow a tough
product
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