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kola nuts 29, 91, 108, 115 Mali Empire 10, 17, 41–57, 64, 129, 138c. men 84, 113
Konaré, Adam Ba (first lady of Mali) 132 See also Mande peoples; specific Middle East 25
Konaré, Alpha (president of Mali) ruler, country or city Middle Niger River 11, 62, 66, 116,
132–133 business and industry 41, 49–52, 138c
Konfara, Maghan (Farakoro chief) 94–95, 98 migration 13, 25, 39
42–44 civil wars 55 military 10. See also under specific
kora 102, 122 colonization and 129 empire or country
Koran. See Quran ethnic groups 19–20, 112 mining industry 7, 51–52, 61, 69, 133
Koroma family 104 founding of 15, 17, 42–44, 94 mithqals 49, 71, 73, 85, 100, 122, 139g
Koulikoro 11 language and writing 95 moni 134
Kouyaté, Kandia (musician) 102 map of 57m Mopti 12, 61
kòwòrò 101–102 marriage 53 moral character 105
Kulubali family 104 rulers 45–47, 49, 51, 54–56, 96–97, moriw 109
Kumbi Saleh 12 105, 138c Morocco 7, 33, 35, 38, 51
archaeological site 8, 39, 129 trade and commerce 49–52, 60–61, 112 Songhay Empire and 17, 69, 71–74,
geography and climate 28 malik 60 120–123, 138c
legends and myths 26, 27, 80–82, Malik dynasty 116 mosques 49, 64, 82, 84, 87, 108, 139g
84, 85 Mali nké 19 Mossi peoples 65
Malinke peoples 19, 39 muezzins 87
L manatees 11, 114 Muhallabi, al- (geographer) 116
Lamtuna peoples 19, 35, 38 Mande Empire 42, 102–105, 133–134, Muhammad (prophet) 36, 49, 138c
language and writing 84, 107, 131, 133. 138c Muhammad Bani (askia) 69–70
See also under specific country Manden 42, 44, 96–97 Muhammad Bonkana (askia). See
ethnic groups 18–20, 95 Manden Bori 45, 55 Bonkana, Muhammad
usage of the word “tribe” 19 Mande peoples 8, 93–109, 137 Muhammad al-Hajj (askia) 69, 123
writing on tombstones 13–14, 59–60, age grades 18 Muhammad al-Shaykh (sultan) 69
72, 82 class system 93–95 Muhammad Gao (askia) 74
law 50, 51, 52 customs 19, 104–105 Muhammad the Great (askia). See Touré,
legal system 86–87 ethnic history 17, 19, 23–25, 112 Muhammad
Legend of Wagadu 25–29, 77, 81 food and diet 133–134 Muhammad Touré (askia). See Touré,
legends and myths hunting 105–107 Muhammad
farmers/farming 29 music 99, 100–102 Musa (askia) 66–67, 120
gold 27, 28–29, 42, 85 Niger River and 11 Musa, Mansa 45–47, 49, 51, 54–55,
Kumbi Saleh 26, 27, 80–82, 84, 85 oral tradition 93, 96, 104 138c
Mande peoples 17, 42–44, 94 bards 98–100 Musa II, Mansa 55, 56
music 25–26 Sunjata Epic 17, 42–44, 94 music 91, 113, 122, 125
Soninke peoples 25–29, 77–78, Susu kingdom and 41 death and burial 106
80–82, 84, 85 religion and beliefs 89, 95, 106–109 drums 25–26, 46, 87, 100, 119–120
Liberia 19, 127, 131 slavery and 45, 102–105 kings and 46, 53, 67, 93, 94
libraries 69 Mandinka peoples 89 legends and myths 25–26
Libyan Erg 9 Maninka Empire 126 stringed instruments 93, 99,
Lightfoot, Phillip 34 Maninka peoples 19, 96, 111, 112 100–102
linguists 13–14 Mani nke 19 Muslims. See also Almoravids; Islam;
lions 105 mansa 42, 139g. See also specific ruler pilgrimages
literature 32. See also oral tradition; spe- Mansur, Mulay Ahmed, al- (sultan) class and 111, 113
cific author or title 71–73, 121 diviners as 109
living standards 131, 133, 134 mapmaking 14, 82 kings 41, 84, 86, 107, 126
locusts 133 Maqrizi, Muhammad al-Husayni al- non-Muslims and 103
looting 126 (historian) 47 religion and beliefs 67, 106
Mari Jata (mansa) 44 treatment of 87
M Mari Jata II (mansa) 54–55 writings of 71, 72
Magha (mansa) 52, 54 Mari Jata III (mansa) 55
Magha II (mansa) 56 Marrakesh 71, 73, 121 N
maghan 27, 77 marriage 53, 66, 95, 113, 139g namagu 133
Maghrib 7, 29, 31, 51 Masina 74, 126 Namibia 50
magic 68, 89, 108–109 masks 89–91 natural resources 129, 133
Mahmud Pasha 73 Massufa peoples 19 néré 133–134
Mali, Republic of 25 matrilineal descent 28, 45, 78, 139g ngoni 102
French Sudan and 63 Mauritania 19, 26, 129 ngòyò 134
independence 106, 138c Mayé 114 Niafunké 122
modern 16, 125, 131–137 Mecca 35, 44, 45–47, 49, 51, 138c Niger 20, 66, 112, 129
music 102, 125 medieval 139g Niger Bend 12, 13, 57, 59–60, 112. See
Timbuktu 48 Medina 46 also Inland Delta
tombstones 89 Mema 41, 43, 57, 62, 138c Nigeria 11, 19, 114
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