Page 151 - Empires of Medieval West Africa

E m p i r E s o f m E d i E v a l w E s t a f r i c a

Niger River 62, 64, 66, 88, 114, 138c genies and spirits 25, 106–108, 114, silt 11–12, 140g
early peoples of 12–13 115, 139g simbi 101
exploration of 14 gods 88, 89–91, 106–107 simbon 105
French conquest of 125–127 polytheism 41, 89, 140g slaves/slavery 53
geography and climate 9, 10–13 priests 89, 114, 115 blacksmiths and 103–104
Nile River 15 sacrifices 26, 27, 91, 115 cowries 34
nkoni 102 sorcerers 42–43, 68, 89, 115, 116, 140g Mande peoples and 45, 102–105
nomads 7–8, 13, 20, 140g Republic of Mali 11 Moroccan invasion of Songhay 71–72
North Africa 14–15, 19, 23, 33, 51 rhinos 51 Songhay peoples and 111–114, 118
Nuh 74 riots 131, 132 trade and commerce 29
nyama 108 rituals 99, 140g women and 104
nyamakalaw 95 circumcision 16, 18, 104, 108 sleeping sickness 54, 55
Nyenyekoro 104–105 hunting 107 smuggling 130
sacrifices 26, 27, 91, 115 snakes 26–27, 28, 80
O “truth-telling” 86 socialism 129–130, 131
oases/oasis 7, 140g Romans 30 society 19, 112
Obama, Barack 136 ruma, al-. See arma/al-ruma age grades/age sets 18
oral tradition 14, 57, 140g. See also bards; S “joking relationships” 104–105
gesere; jeliw; specific peoples or empires matrilineal descent 28, 45, 78, 139g
sacrifices 26, 27, 91, 115 praise names 44, 105–106, 140g
Sadi, Abd al-Rahman, al- (historian) 69, Sogolon Condé. See Condé, Sogolon
P 71, 72, 118 sohanci 68, 115, 116, 140g. See also divin-
paganism 89 Sadiq, Muhammad 69–71 ers; sorcerers
paintings 7, 107 Sahara Desert 7, 19, 48 Somono peoples 20, 112
palaces 83–84 early economy of 13 Songhay Empire 10, 59–74. See also
Park, Mungo (explorer) 14, 127 geography and climate 7, 9, 47 Songhay peoples; specific ruler,
pasha 73 peoples of 60 country or city
peace agreements 132 trade and commerce 30–31, 60, civil wars 69
peoples 19. See also specific peoples 138c colonization and 129
personal appearance 84 Sahel region 8, 23, 28–29, 82, 140g ethnic groups 19–20, 112
pilgrimages 35, 44, 45–47, 49, 51, 138c, 140g Sahili, Abu Ishaq al- (architect) 49 founding of 15, 17, 59–60
plains 11 Sakura 45, 46 French conquest of 127
poaching 50, 51 salt 133 government and politics 69, 118
political parties 132 food and diet 61 language and writing 59–60
politics. See government and politics mining 7, 61, 69 Mali’s expansion into 50–51
polytheism 41, 89, 140g taxation 71 map of 70m
population 7, 12, 13, 25, 39, 131 trade and commerce 7, 61 military 13, 62, 64, 65–66, 70–71, 113,
Portugal 125 warfare over 120–123 116–120
pottery 89, 95 Samake, Harouna (musician) 125 Morocco and 17, 69, 71–74, 120–123,
poverty 136 Sama peoples 86 138c
praise names 44, 105–106, 140g Sandaki 56–57 music 87
priests 89, 114, 115 Saney 59–60, 72 record keeping 18
punishment. See crime and punishment Sangaré, Oumou (musician) 102 rulers 17, 57, 62–74, 116, 119–120, 138c
Sanhaja peoples 7–8, 19, 29, 30, 33, 60. trade and commerce 60, 112
Q See also Almoravids; Tuareg peoples; Songhay peoples 20, 59–60, 90,
Qayrawan 35 specific clan 111–123, 137
Quran 69, 82, 87, 109, 140g savannas 8, 9, 140g business and industry 113
science and technology 23, 136. See also class system 111–115
R health and medicine government and politics 112, 113,
raids 13, 95 Segu 12, 103, 104–105, 126 115
Rail Band 102 senankuya 104–105 health and medicine 115
rainmaking 108 Senegal 19, 125–126, 129, 131 language and writing 111, 112
Ramadan 100 Sénégal River 125–126 oral tradition 72, 111, 113, 116
Ras-el-Ma 65 Senufo peoples 20 religion and beliefs 113, 114,
record keeping 13–15, 18, 93 Shehu Amadu (king) 126 115–116
refugees 131 shurfafa 49 slavery and 111–114, 118
reign 140g Sidi Abdallahi 63 trade and commerce 115–116
religion and beliefs 79, 84, 111, 138c. siege warfare 64, 74, 140g Soninke peoples 41, 72, 117, 138c
See also diviners; rituals; specific Sierra Leone 11, 127, 131 Awdaghust and 33, 35, 38
peoples, empires or kingdoms Sii dynasty 138c early 23–24
animals and 28 sii/sonyi 17, 60–61, 133. See also specific ethnic groups 17, 19, 112
death and burial 13–14, 59–60, 72, 82, ruler legends and myths 25–29, 77–78,
88, 89, 106 Sijilmasa 33, 38 80–82, 84, 85

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