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         u Provision for catastrophe losses.
         u Provision for costs.
         u Profit margin.

Q12. Briefly explain three factors that affect the
        level of commissions a reinsurer is willing
        to pay under a proportional treaty.

Ans: Any three of the following.
         u Type of reinsurance arrangement. Treaty accounts
              may have higher commissions.
         u Past history of profitability. Profitable accounts will
              attract more commission.
         u State of reinsurance market as in a hard market
              commission may fall.
         u Original commission paid by the ceding company
              to intermediaries. A high level of original
              commission is likely to reduce the level of ceding
              commission paid.
         u Ceding company's administration costs. If the
              ceding company's administration costs are high, a
              higher ceding commission will be justifiable.
         u The overall business relationship and volume of

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