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Risk Management

Q5. Identify the differences between (a) charging of
         losses to operating budget and providing for a
         contingency fund (b) pure risk and the
         speculative risk.

Ans.5a) When charging losses against operating costs, an
          organization need to absorb the additional expenditure
          within a short time. Its ability to do so depend upon
          either surplus of receipts over payments throughout the
          year, or sufficient liquidity.

          Therefore, the size of loss or an accumulation of losses
          that be absorbed alongside other current expenses
          depend upon the size of cash flow surplus / deficit plus
          liquid reserves/short term borrowing.

          The art of financial management has been defined as
          having available money when needed, money being a
          scarce resource which commands a price.

          The objectives of cash budgeting are to avoid holding
          large idle cash balances on current accounts which make
          no contribution to earnings, and on the other hand,
          minimize the risk of being unable to meet from current
          cash or sudden borrowing.

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