Page 8 - Ecuador's Banana Sector under Climate Change

CHAPTER 5:
THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF ECUADOR’S BANANA 101
1. Introduction 102
2. The banana life cycle: Inventory data and assumptions 102
2.1 Banana cultivation on the farm (plantation) 102
2.2 Transportation off-farm 107
2.3 Ripening 111
2.4 Consumption 116
2.5 GHG emission factors 117
3. Interpretation and discussion of results 121
3.1 The carbon footprint of Ecuador’s banana production 121
3.2 Comparison of results with literature 121
3.3 Detailed analysis of mayor contributors 123
3.3.1 Banana cultivation on the farm 123 3.3.2 Consumption 126 3.3.3 Transportation by sea 128 3.3.4 Transportation from port of entry to ripening facility 128
4. Conclusions
128
CHAPTER 6:
CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES AND THEIR POTENTIAL IMPACT ON ECUADOR’S BANANA SECTOR – AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 129
1. Introduction 130
2. The social cost of carbon dioxide 130
2.1 The demand for bananas 131
3. Post-purchase emissions 135
4. The supply chain from farm to retail 136
4.1 Transportation by sea 138
4.2 Domestic transportation 140
5. Policies to control on-farm emissions at the national level 141
5.1 Packaging 142
5.2 Emissions as a consequence of fossil-fuel 143
5.3 Fertilizer and nitrous oxide emissions 143
5.4 Organic versus conventional bananas 145
6. Summary 147
BIBLIOGRAPHY 149
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