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ADDITIVES FOR PLASTIC
Additives are materials that are added to the primary resin to improve the polymer's
processability or its performance or appearance in some way. They are used with
virtually all polymers either at the compounding stage or during processing, when
they may be dosed in via a blender.They can be added directly as a solution in
suitable solvent or in the form of Masterbatch.
Additives are integral components in plastics contributing greatly to their success by
conferring significant extensions of properties in one or more directions, such as:
Additives Make Plastics Easier To Process: Process Aids, Lubricants, Heat
Stabilizers
Additives Make Plastics Look good: Pigments – Clarifiers, Colours, Carbon Black,
Ti02, Antifogging agents
Additives save Money: Impact Modifier, Flame Retardants, Mineral Fillers,
Diluents and extenders
Additives Make Plastics Safe And Sound: Flame Retardant, Anti-Static Agent,
Blowing agents, Conductive
Additives Make Plastics Clean and Healthy: Anti Fungal, Bacterial, Rodents
Additives Make Plastics Work Longer: Light Stabilisers, UV Absorbers,
Antioxidants, cross linking agents
Additives Respect Environment: Compatibilisers, Blowing Agents,
Biodegradable
Plastics would not have been able to deliver their performance without the addition
of these polymer additives. Although used at only 5-7% in terms of weight or about
10% by cost, they provide immense benefits
Types of additives : Additives can be divided in two principal groups.
a) Functional additives : These are required either to prevent degradation of
polymer or to impart new properties and enhance existing properties of
polymer material.
b) Process additives: These are incorporated for easy processing of
polymers.
Apart from functioning effectively for the desired objective, the additive must
fulfil some of the important requirements, such as:
• easy dispersion in polymer
• good compatibility with the polymer
• easy handling
• low volatility and high resistance to exudation
• high resistance to extraction
• good colour retention
• low toxicity
• attractive price / performance ratio

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