Page 1140 - Basic _ Clinical Pharmacology ( PDFDrive )

1126 SECTION X Special Topics

TABLE 63–2 Ingredients of known efficacy for selected over-the-counter (OTC) classes. (Continued)

Generic Name
OTC Category (Brand Example) Labeled Use Warnings Considerations
Laxatives (cont.) Hyperosmotics Adverse effects include: nausea,
Glycerin abdominal bloating, cramping,
(Fleet Glycerin and flatulence.
suppositories) Stool softeners
Polyethylene glycol Avoid use in patients taking
3350 (Miralax) mineral oil.
Stool softeners Stimulants
Docusate sodium Adverse effects include:
(Colace, Dulcolax) stomach discomfort, rectal
Docusate calcium burning, and mild cramps.
(Surfak)
Saline laxatives
Stimulant laxatives Do not use more than one
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax, enema in a 24-hour period.
Ex-Lax) Use with caution in patients
Senna (Senokot) on a sodium-restricted diet; in
patients with kidney disease.
Saline laxatives
Sodium phosphate All laxatives
(Fleet enema) Use with caution in patients
with a sudden change in bowel
habits that persist for 2 weeks;
in patients with abdominal pain,
nausea, or vomiting.
Overactive Oxybutynin Treatment of Avoid use in: men; women • Women should consult with their
bladder transdermal system overactive blad- <18 years of age; patients with physician about symptoms before using
treatment der for women symptoms of a urinary tract this product.
(Oxytrol for women) with symptoms infection (pain or burning when • Women who only experience accidental
of urge incon- urinating, blood in urine, unex- urine loss when coughing, sneezing, or
tinence and plained lower back pain, urine laughing may have stress incontinence;
urinary urgency that is cloudy or foul smelling). this product is not effective for this
and frequency condition.
for at least Adverse effects include:
3 months. sleepiness, dizziness, confusion, • The OTC patch formulation contains
dry mouth, constipation, and the same dosage as the prescription
blurred vision. product.
• One patch should be applied to abdomen,
hips, or buttocks every 4 days; alternating
sites.
Pediculicides Permethrin (Nix) Treatment For external use only. Avoid use: • Proper use requires careful inspection
(lice treatment) of head lice if allergic to ragweed; in children and thorough application of the products
Pyrethrins combined (permethrin- <2 years of age; near the eyes; (10 minutes) to the affected areas.
with piperonyl containing inside the nose, mouth, or
butoxide (RID) products); and vagina; on lice in eyebrows or • Following application, lice and nits (eggs)
should be removed with a fine-tooth
pubic and body eyelashes. comb.
lice (piperonyl
butoxide- Adverse effects include: itching • Kills live lice (neurotoxic), but is not effective
containing and redness at the application for eggs (nits). Therefore, repeat process in
products). sites. 7-10 days to kill newly hatched nits.
• Clothing, bed linens, and other items that
the infested person wore or used during
the 2 days before treatment should be
washed using the hot water (130°F) cycle
and dried using the high heat cycle.
(continued)