Page 474 - Basic _ Clinical Pharmacology ( PDFDrive )

460 SECTION V Drugs That Act in the Central Nervous System

TABLE 26–1 Structure and properties of some ester and amide local anesthetics. 1

Structure Potency (Procaine = 1) Duration of Action
Esters
Cocaine O O CH 3 2 Medium
C N CH 3
O
C O

Procaine (Novocain) O C H 1 Short
2 5
H N C O CH 2 CH 2 N
2
C H
2 5
Tetracaine (Pontocaine) O CH 3 16 Long
HN C O CH 2 CH 2 N

C 4 H 9 CH 3
Benzocaine O Surface use only
H N C O CH 2 CH 3
2

Amides
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) CH 3 4 Medium
O C H
2 5
NH C CH 2 N
C H
2 5
CH 3
Mepivacaine (Carbocaine, CH 3 2 Medium
Isocaine) O

NH C
N
CH 3
CH 3
Bupivacaine (Marcaine), CH 3 16 Long
Levobupivacaine O
(Chirocaine)
NH C
N
CH 3 C H
4 9
Ropivacaine (Naropin) CH 3 16 Long
O
NH C
N
CH 3
C H
3 7
Articaine CH 3 nf 2 Medium
O CH 3
NH C CH NH C H
3 7
O
S
C OCH
1 Other chemical types are available including ethers (pramoxine), ketones (dyclonine), and phenetidin derivatives (phenacaine).
2
Data not found.