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2- Degree of substance’s purity



                                             Changing the                                          The purity is
                    Impurities                 amount of                    Melting                  tested by
                      affect the                 needed                  and boiling                comparing
                     attraction                 energy to                    points                 the M.P &
                        force                  change the                   change                 B.P  by their
                                                   state                                           fixed values


                   •  The increase in boiling point & decrease in freezing / melting

                              point of a solution depending on its concentration.



                                                                         The boiling point of the
                                                                         solution increases 0.5º
                                                                                       C

                             Dissolving 180 g                                     100.5º C
                             glucose in 1 L of

                               distilled water                            The freezing point of
                                                                         the solution decreases
                                                                                 by 1.86º C
                                                                                  - 1.86º C





















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