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2.9. WATER PURIFICATION





                              Water purification is a process that eliminates unwanted chemical
                              compounds, organic and inorganic materials, and biological
                              contaminants from water, making it safe and suitable for various
                              purposes.


                              The purification process typically involves multiple steps, including
                              filtration, disinfection, and sometimes additional treatments like
                              reverse osmosis or activated carbon adsorption.


                              Filtration methods such as sedimentation, coagulation, and

                              filtration media help remove suspended particles, sediment, and
                              larger impurities from the water.


                              Disinfection techniques like chlorination, ultraviolet (UV) radiation,
                              or ozonation are employed to kill or inactivate harmful
                              microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites.


                              Additional treatments like reverse osmosis and activated carbon
                              adsorption can further remove dissolved solids, chemicals, heavy
                              metals, and unpleasant tastes or odors from the water.


                              Water purification plays a critical role in ensuring access to clean
                              and safe drinking water, preventing waterborne diseases, and
                              supporting various industries and applications that require high-

                              quality water.


                              Different water sources may require specific purification methods
                              tailored to their unique characteristics and contamination levels.
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