Page 45 - Mechatronics with Experiments

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INTRODUCTION 31
Spoilers

Slats Ailerons
Rudder

Flaps

Slats

Flaps Elevators
Trimmable
horizontal
stabilizer
Ailerons
FIGURE 1.25: A modern commercial airplane (Boeing 777) and its flight control surfaces.

load torque is less than maximum available), the commanded speed will be only a function
of the pedal position.

w cmd = f( throttle ); throttle or accelerator pedal sensor position (1.12)
Emission Issues One of the fundamental challenges in engine control comes from
emission requirements. There are five major emission concerns in the exhaust smoke:
1. CO content due to global warming effects,
2
2. CO – health concerns (colorless, odorless, tasteless, but when inhaled in 0.3% of air
can result in death within 30 minutes),
3. NO content (NO and NO ),
2
x
4. HC when combined with NO becomes harmful to health,
2
5. PM (particulate matter) solid and liquids present in the exhaust gas.
The fuel injection timing has a major influence on the quality of combustion and hence
the exhaust gas composition. The challenge is to design engine and controllers which will
create efficient combustion while reducing all of the undesirable emission components in
the exhaust gas.

1.2 EXAMPLE: ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC FLIGHT CONTROL
SYSTEMS FOR COMMERCIAL AIRPLANES

Figure 1.25 shows an example of a modern commercial airplane widely used in passenger
1
and cargo transportation, the Boeing 777, and its the flight control surfaces. The forward
1 This section was written with significant assistance from Dr. Olaf Cochoy.