Page 73 - Org 3 theoritical book 2024-25

Clinical Pharmacy PharmD - 2024/2025 Level 2 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-3 (PC 305)
Carbohydrates

C x(H 2O) x
General Formula
hydrates of carbon

Polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones or substances that yield
Definition
polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones upon hydrolysis

• Monosaccharides: The simplest carbohydrates, those that
cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrates.

• Disaccharides: carbohydrates that undergo hydrolysis to
produce only 2 molecules of monosaccharide. E.g Maltose
& sucrose.

• Trisaccharides: yield 3 molecules of monosaccharide upon
Classification hydrolysis.

• Oligosaccharides: Carbohydrates that hydrolyze to yield 2–
10 molecules of monosaccharide.

• Polysaccharides: are carbohydrates that yield a large
number of molecules of monosaccharides (>10) e.g. starch

& cellulose

Monosaccharides

Classification of Monosaccharides:

They are classified according to the following:

1. Number of carbon atoms present in the molecule.
2. Whether they contain an aldehyde or ketone group.

A monosaccharide with three carbon atoms: triose;

One containing four carbon atoms is called a tetrose;

One containing five carbon atoms is a pentose;

And one containing six carbon atoms is a hexose.