Page 57 - ENGLISH FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

Indonesia has three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judiciary. The
legislative branch is a crucial part of any government structure, and its roles and
responsibilities are vast and complex. It is responsible for creating and passing laws,
reviewing and approving budgets, and overseeing the actions of other branches of
government. In the United States, the legislative branch comprises two houses of Congress:
The House of Representatives and the Senate.

One of the primary roles of the legislative branch is to create and pass laws. This
process involves introducing a bill, debating it, making amendments, and voting on its
passage. Bills can originate from either house of Congress, but both houses must approve
them before being sent to the President for signing into law. The legislative branch is also
responsible for reviewing and approving budgets, which fund government programs and
services. Additionally, the legislative branch can override a Presidential veto with a two-
thirds majority vote in both houses of Congress. The legislative arm of the government is
represented by the People's Consultative Assembly, which comprises two chambers: the
House of Representatives and the Regional Representatives Council.
The Executive Branch is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the
government. It is headed by the President or the Governor, depending on the type of
government. The main function of the Executive Branch is to enforce laws and policies
passed by the legislature. This branch is responsible for managing the state's resources,
including the budget, and ensures that they are used for the benefit of the citizens.

It is also responsible for foreign relations. The President or Governor is the head of
state and represents the country in international affairs. In this capacity, the Executive Branch
is responsible for negotiating treaties and agreements with other countries. The Executive
Branch also has the power to declare war and engage in military action, although the
legislature usually restricts this power. In conclusion, the Executive Branch is an essential
part of the state institution and is vital in ensuring the government runs smoothly. Its
responsibilities include the day-to-day administration of the government, management of the
state's resources, foreign relations, and enforcing laws and policies.

The judiciary in Indonesia is independent and is headed by the Supreme Court, which
is responsible for interpreting and enforcing the law. The country also has a Constitutional

Court, which is responsible for upholding the constitution and ensuring that the government
and its institutions operate within the limits of the law. The military also plays a significant
role in Indonesia's political system, and it is responsible for maintaining national security and
protecting the country's sovereignty.

Exercise 5. Choose the best answer.

1 What are the three branches of government that have their different institutions?
.
a. Judiciary, legislative, and executive
b. Courts, congress, and the governor.
c. President, prime minister and tribunal
d. None of the above
2 What is the main responsibility of the Executive Branch?
.

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