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(c) Bituminous coal : It is dark brown or black (a) Coal :
coloured dense sedimentary rock. It is a Properties :
soft coal containing tar- like substances Black colour
called bitumen. Carbon content of a
Tough and porous
bituminous coal is about 65-80% and rest of
the part comprises of hydrogen, sulphur, Uses of coal :
water and air. It is used as a fuel as it burns without any
smoke so it is a pollution free fuel.
It is used in steel manufacturing.
It is also used in manufacturing of fuel
gas , water gas and producer gas.
(b) Coal gas : It is also called town gas or
illumination gas.
Properties of coal gas :
It is in flammable.
Bituminous coal
It is composed of hydrogen, methane,
carbon dioxide and other gases.
(d) Anthracite : It is the coal of the best quality.
It is the highest rock coal. It is harder and Uses :
glossy too. It contains about 95% carbon It is used for cooking.
content in it. Anthracite burns with blue It is effective as a household fuel.
smokeless flame and it ignites with
It is used for street lighting.
difficulty.
(c) Coal tar :
Properties of coal tar : It is black coloured
fuel smelling liquid.
Uses : On subjecting coal-tar to fractional
distillation, a number of components can
be obtained which have a variety of uses
e.g. in the preparation of insecticides,
explosives, dyes, medicines, etc. Even the
residual material left after the completion
of fractional distillation is used in the road
Anthracite construction.
Destructive distillation of coal : It is a chemical (d)Ammonium compounds : Volatile
process that involves decomposition of coal by compounds obtained by destructive
heating it to a very high temperature of distillation of coal are rich in ammonia. On
around 1000°C in the absence of air. The their dissolution in water, they form
products obtained through destructive ammonium liquor. Ammonium compounds
distillation of coal involve the following: are used in fertilizer industry.
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