Page 119 - Genius Kidz Prudence Learning Sc-8

Activity 2

Prepare a note on different uses of the following:
(a) Peat (b) Lignite (c) Bituminous coal (d) Anthracite
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Petroleum : The word petroleum is derived Occurrence : As petroleum is formed deep

from Latin word “Petra” meaning rock and below the earth, so it is found deep under the
“oleum” meaning oil. Petroleum is also called earth together with natural gas.
“black gold” due to its valuable commercial Drilling is done to obtain deeply seated
importance. It is a naturally occurring petroleum reserves from rocky area beneath
inflammable liquid. It is composed of a the earth.
mixture of hydrocarbons and liquid organic Petroleum Refining
compounds that are found deep inside the
rocky earth crust. It is formed by dead and Mineral oil thus received is composed of a

decaying remains of organic matter-like number of components having different
zooplanktons and algal mass buried under the boiling points so each substance or
earth crust. component can be recovered at its
corresponding boiling point by the process
Formation of petroleum
called fractional distillation. Fractional
Millions of years ago dead remains of oceanic distillation is performed in fractional tower or
organisms got submerged under the earth distillation columns.
crust.

Sand and clay got deposited over and over.

High pressure and high temperature was thus

subjected on to the dead and decomposing
remains under anaerobic conditions of
(absence of air).

This lead to the conversion of dead remains
into black fuel i.e., petroleum. Petroleum refining

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