Page 47 - Genius Kidz Prudence Learning Sc-8

(i) Population growth : Increasing human (b) Birth rate should be controlled, so as to
population requires land space and more
food to fulfil their nutritional requirements.
As a result of this more and more forest
lands are cleared so as to vacate the space
for crop fields and buildings.
(ii) Deforestation : Trees are essential to hold
on soil, maintenance of balance of
atmospheric gases, regulation of
temperature, etc. Cutting down of these
trees to fulfil greedy human demands is
affecting biodiversity.
(iii)Habitat loss : Every species has its own
distinct niche and a habitat, deforestation is
distrupting the natural habitat of flora and
fauna.
(iv)Pollution : Vehicular pollution and
industrial pollution have affected the
atmosphere thus leading to depletion of
oxygen which, in turn, affects the living
conditions of a variety of life forms.
(v) Non-native species : Non-native or foreign
species in an area generate competition for
resources available as a result of which
native species become endangered.
2. Conservation of Biotic Diversity or Biodi-
versity
International convention on biodiversity is an
agreement that is made by the governments of
different countries for the conservation of
biodiversity. Different practices for
conservation of biodiversity that have been
suggested include :
(a) Preparation of list of endangered and
threatened species to protect them from
extinction.
A snail can hibernate for 3-4 years, during this period it does not feed.
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allow sustainable development.
(c) Environmental pollution must be
controlled to prevent global warming and
ozone depletion.
(d) Different ways or guidelines must be
suggested by every country to preserve or
conserve biodiversity.
(e) Protection from forest fires must be
ensured by spraying fire extinguishing
solutions from aircrafts or by changing the
direction of wind.
(f) Protection from insects and pests by using
insecticides and fungicides and removing
infected trees.
Methods of Conservation
Conservation of threatened and endangered
species is very essential.
International Union for the Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources and Indian
Government have already taken many steps to
conserve biodiversity.
Methods of conservation are broadly classified
into two categories :
(a) In-situ conservation
(b) Ex-situ conservation
(a) In-situ conservation : Conservation of
species within their own habitat, is a
practice of in-situ conservation. In-situ
conservation is done with less human
interference. A network of protected
areas classified for in-situ conservation
are as follows :
(i) National parks : National Park is also
called as nature reserve. It is the area
reserved for the betterment of wild-life.