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place	under	high	uncertainty.	Therefore,	systematically	testing	ideas	to	learn
what	works	and	what	doesn’t	is	a	far	better	approach	than	writing	a	plan.
One	might	even	argue	that	plans	maximize	risk.	Their	refined	and	polished
nature	gives	the	illusion	that	with	great	execution	little	can	go	wrong.	Yet
ideas	dramatically	change	from	inception	to	market	readiness	and	often	die
along	the	way.	You	need	to	experiment,	learn,	and	adapt	to	manage	this
change	and	progressively	reduce	risk	and	uncertainty.	This	process	of
experimentation,	which	we	will	explore	on	the	following	pages,	is	known	as
customer	development	and	lean	start-up.

Applied	to	New	Ventures

We	know Attitude Our	customers	and	partners	know

Business	plan               Tools   Business	Model	and	Value	Proposition
                                    Canvas

Planning Process Customer	development	and	lean	start-up

Inside	the	building Where Outside	the	building

Execution	of	a	plan Focus Experimentation	and	learning

Historical	facts	from	past	success Decision- Facts	and	insights	from	experiments
                                               basis

Not	addressed	adequately Risk Minimized	via	learnings

Avoided Failure Embraced	as	means	to	learn	and	improve

Masked	via	detailed	plan Uncertainty Acknowledged	and	reduced	via	experiments

Granular	documents	and      Detail  Dependent	on	level	of	evidence	from
              spreadsheets          experiments

Assumptions Numbers Evidence-based
   413   414   415   416   417   418   419   420   421   422   423