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radio.	 Answering	 customer	 needs	 is	 the	 driving	 force	 during	 stage	 two	 of	 an
industry.	Stage	two	is	market-driven.	Stage	two	companies	offer	their	clients	the
desired	product.

   Few	companies	enter	stage	three.	These	companies	are	in	the	pantheon	of	the
marketing	 gods—the	 Disneys,	 Federal	 Expresses,	 and	 Lexuses.	 Disney	 entered
this	 stage	 when	 it	 created	 amusement	 parks	 that	 went	 beyond	 what	 customers
said	they	needed—or	could	have	imagined.	Stage	three	is	the	phase	that	several
car	 manufacturers	 entered	 when	 they	 created	 heated	 car	 seats,	 stereo	 consoles
that	slant	toward	the	driver	instead	of	facing	the	middle,	and	compact	car	trunks
more	spacious	than	those	on	many	luxury	cars.	In	this	stage,	clients’	expectations
and	expressed	needs	no	longer	drive	the	market.	Surveys	asking	“How	could	we
improve?”	no	longer	produce	useful	data;	the	customers	have	run	out	of	ideas.

   To	differentiate	itself	clearly	from	the	many	competitors	who	are	meeting	its
clients’	 expressed	 needs,	 the	 stage	 three	 company	 must	 make	 a	 leap;	 it	 must
surprise	the	customer.	Surprising	the	customer	is	the	driving	force	in	stage	three
of	an	industry.	Stage	three,	as	a	result,	is	imagination-driven,	and	a	company	in
this	stage	offers	the	possible	service.

   Most	 services	 are	 treading	 water	 somewhere	 in	 the	 middle	 of	 stage	 two.
Many	 of	 those	 firms—particularly	 many	 professional	 services—are	 still
straddling	 stage	 one	 and	 two.	 Every	 service	 company	 must	 look	 at	 stage	 three;
that	is	where	glory,	fame,	and	market	share	lie.

   Create	 the	 possible	 service;	 don’t	 just	 create	 what	 the	 market	 needs	 or
wants.	Create	what	it	would	love.
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