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startling	discovery.
   The	 researchers	 created	 for	 two	 fictitious	 job	 candidates—Dave	 and	 John—

two	 identical	 résumés,	 and	 two	 almost	 identical	 letters	 of	 reference.	 The	 only
difference	was	that	John’s	letter	included	the	sentence	“Sometimes,	John	can	be
difficult	to	get	along	with.”

   The	researchers	showed	the	résumés	to	personnel	directors.	Which	candidate
did	the	directors	most	want	to	interview?

   Sometimes-Difficult-to-Get-Along-With	John.
   The	 researchers	 concluded	 that	 the	 criticism	 of	 John	 made	 the	 reference’s
praise	 of	 John	 seem	 more	 believable,	 and	 that	 made	 John	 look	 like	 a	 stronger
candidate.	Showing	John’s	warts	actually	helped	sell	John.
   But	 does	 this	 academic	 study	 apply	 in	 the	 real	 world?	 Ask	 Tom	 Keacher.	 A
regional	 sales	 manager	 for	 First	 Protection,	 the	 company	 that	 originated	 marine
service	 contracts,	 Tom	 for	 years	 started	 his	 sales	 presentations	 by	 listing	 every
boat	 engine	 part	 that	 First	 Protection	 covered.	 Midway	 through	 1994,	 however,
Tom	decided	to	switch	tactics.	He	started	his	pitches	by	listing	every	part	that	the
service	 contract	 did	 not	 cover.	 The	 result?	 Tom’s	 conversion	 rate	 improved
significantly.
   Rather	than	hide	your	weaknesses,	admit	them.
   That	will	make	you	look	honest	and	trustworthy—a	key	to	selling	a	service.
   Tell	the	truth.	Even	if	it	hurts,	it	will	help.

Business	Is	in	the	Details

	

People	 who	 insist,	 “The	 companies	 in	 our	 industry	 are	 basically	 alike”	 must
recognize	a	human	trait.

   People	 feel	 a	 need	 to	 justify	 their	 decisions	 to	 themselves.	 So	 they	 look	 for
differences	upon	which	to	base	their	decision.

   What	does	this	mean	to	a	company	in	an	industry	of	lookalikes?
   It	 means	 that	 the	 more	 alike	 two	 services	 are,	 the	 m	 o	 re	 important	 each
difference	becomes.
   With	 meaningful	 differences	 difficult	 to	 find,	 prospects	 look	 for	 signals	 in
seemingly	 trivial	 differences:	 the	 decor	 of	 the	 lobby,	 the	 color	 of	 the	 business
card,	 the	 heft	 of	 the	 brochure,	 even	 the	 smell	 of	 the	 salesperson’s	 cologne.
Unable	to	see	the	real	differences	between	the	services,	prospects	look	for	clues
to	differences	elsewhere.
   It	bears	repeating:
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