Page 197 - classs 6 a_Neat

EXAMPLE:4 A dice was thrown 30 times and the following outcomes were noted:
4,3,3,2,5,4,4,6,1,2,2,3,4,6,2,3,3, 4,1,2,3,3, 4,5,6,3,2,1,3,4.
14 Data Handling Represent the above data in the form of frequency distribution.
SOLUTION We may present the data, as shown below:

Outcomes Tally marks No. of outcomes
DATA The word data means iriformation in the form of numerical figures.
EXAMPIE:1 The marks obtained by 10 pupils of a class in a monthly test are given below: 1 | | | 3
37, 21, 43, 16, 25, 21, 28, 32, 45, 14.
We call it the data related to the marks obtained by 10 pupils of a class in a monthly 2 | | | | | 6
test.
EXAMPLE:2 The ages (in years) ofl2 teachers in a school are: 3 | | | | | | | | 9
35,43,38,45,32,54,39,43,39,54,24,31. 4 | | | | | | 7
We call it the data related to the ages ofl2 teachers in a school.
RAW DATA Data obtained in the original form is called raw data. 5 | | 2
Data given in the above examples are raw data.
ARRAY Arranging the numerical figures in an ascending or a descending order is called 6 | | | 3
an array.
EXERCISE 15-A
TABULATION OF DATA Arranging the data in a systematic form in the form of a table is called tabulation or 1. Define the following.
presentation of the data. a. data b. Frequency
How many types of data are there? Name them.
OBSERVATIONS Each numerical figure in a data is called an observation. 2. Complete the given frequency table.

FREQUENCY OF AN OBSERVATION The number of times a particular observation occurs is called its Marks Tally marks Frequency
frequency.
2 | | | 3
STATISTICS It is the science which deals with the collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of nu-
merical data. 4 | | | | | 6

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES 6 | | | | | | | 9
8 | | | | | | 7
Example:3 Given below is the data showing the number of children in 20families of a colony:
2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 4, 3, 1, 4, 3, 2. 10 | | | | 2
Solution Arranging the data in an ascending order, we get the given data as
1, 1, 1, 1, 1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4. What is the total frequency?
For counting purposes, we use tally marks. After putting 4 tally marks vertically, we put a 3. In the given frequency table, the frequency of temperatures during a month is given.3. In the given
cross as shown below and again we take the tally marks in the same manner, counting in sets frequency table, the frequency of temperatures during a month is given.
of fives. Draw the tally marks.
Now, we may prepare the frequency table, as shown below. Temperature Number
No. of families in °C Tally marks of days
Observation Tally marks
(Frequency)
32 4
1 | | | | 5
34 7
2 | | | | | | 7
36 10
3 | | | | | 6
38 6
4 | | 2
40 3