Page 302 - Constructing Craft

13
Frayling and Snowden, p.17. The term ‘Merrie England’ is used here in the ironic sense. Frayling
and Snowden were suggesting that medieval England was not the ideal society that many people in
the nineteenth and twentieth centuries believed it to be.
14
ibid.
15
Wendy Kaplan, Encyclopedia of Arts and Crafts. The International Arts Movement 1850 – 1920,
Sydney, 1989, p.174.
16 Ann Calhoun, The Arts & Crafts Movement in New Zealand 1870 - 1940, Auckland, 2000, p.16.
17
Morris’s socialism had little influence in Australia and New Zealand because the movement was
dominated by the middle class, see Grace Cochrane, The Crafts Movement in Australia: A History,
Kensington NSW, 1992, pp.15 - 6.
18 Steven Adams, The Arts and Crafts Movement, Rochester, 1998, p.40.
19
Diane Waggoner, ed., The Beauty of Life: William Morris and the Art of Design, London, 2003,
p.167.
20
Pat Kirkham, ‘Women and the Inter-war Handcrafts Revival’, in Judy Attfield and Pat Kirkham, eds,
A View from the Interior: Women and Design, London, 1995, p.174.
21
Julian Holder, ‘Design in Everyday Things: Promoting Modernism in Britain’, in Paul Greenhalgh,
ed., Modernism in Design, London, 1990, p.125.
22
The New Zealand International Exhibition of Arts and Industry held in Hagley Park in Christchurch
during the summer of 1906 – 1907 attracted nearly two million visitors. The collection of British Arts
and Crafts on display was considered the best ever seen outside Britain. See Ann Calhoun, Simplicity
and Splendour: The Canterbury Arts & Crafts Movement from 1882, Christchurch, 2004, p.8.
23
Karen Livingstone and Linda Parry, eds, International Arts and Crafts, London, 2005, p.36.
24 Douglas Lloyd-Jenkins, At Home: A Century of New Zealand Design, Auckland, 2004, pp.164 - 211.
25
ibid., p.15. Many New Zealanders considered themselves British rather than English. ‘Britishness’
could be substituted for ‘Englishness’ in this sentence.
26
Peter Cape, Artists and Craftsmen in New Zealand, Auckland, 1969, p.10.
27
Judi Boyd and Erik Olssen, 'The Skilled Workers: Journeymen and the Masters in Caversham, 1880
- 1914', New Zealand Journal of History, 22/2, 1988, p.124.
28
James Belich, Paradise Reforged: A History of the New Zealanders from the 1880s to the Year
2000, Auckland, 2001, p.134.
29 ibid.
30
Gail Henry, New Zealand Pottery: Commercial and Collectable, Auckland, 1999, p.75 & pp.197.
31
Justine Olsen, Maria Louisa (Briar) Gardner in Charlotte Macdonald, Merimeri Penfold, and Bridget
Williams, eds, The Book of New Zealand Women. Ko Kui Ma Te Kaupapa, Wellington, 1991, p.226.
32
Ruth Kinna, 'William Morris: Art, Work, and Leisure', Journal of the History of Ideas, 61, 3, 2000,
pp.495-5.
33
Attfield and Kirkham, eds, p.176.
34
Steven M. Gelber, 'A Job You Can't Lose: Work and Hobbies in the Great Depression', Journal of
Social History, 24, 4, 1991, p.741. Craft in America could include craft kits – pre-made items often
assembled and decorated by amateurs – that do not appear to have been a feature of craft in New
Zealand.
35
ibid.
36
Sheila G. Marshall, 'Leisure Hours', The New Zealand Railways Magazine, 6, 7 6:7, 1 February
1932, p.58. Marshall's bold font.
37
Eve Ebbett, Victoria's Daughters: New Zealand Women of the Thirties, Wellington, 1981, pp.1-3 &
pp.68-73.
38
Thousands of tiki imitations were imported from Germany between 1867 and 1938 and sold to
tourists. See Richard Wolfe, 'Souvenirs of Maoriland: The Art of the Early Tourist Trade', Art New
Zealand, Summer, 61, Summer, 1991/92, p.71. Later, Māori were able to recover some control of this
trade and sell items that were made locally. See Geoff Bertram, 'The New Zealand Economy, 1900 -
2000', in Giselle Byrne, ed., The New Oxford History of New Zealand, South Melbourne, Vic., 2009,
p.561.
39
James Cowan, The Maori: Yesterday and to-Day Wellington, 1930, p.115.
40
Michael King, 'Between Worlds', in W. H. Oliver and B. R. Williams, eds, The Oxford History of New
Zealand, Oxford, 1981, p.301. See also M. P. K. Sorrenson, Ngata, Apirana Turupa 1874 - 1950 2007
available at: http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/ (3 September 2008)
41
R. H. G. Jahnke, 'He Tataitanga Ahua Toi: The House That Riwai Built, a Continuum of Maori Art, '
PhD Maori Studies thesis, Massey University, 2006, p.20.
42
Erik Schwimmer, The World of the Maori, Wellington, 1974, p.150.
Constructing Craft