Page 11 - DMX HANDBOOK 4TH EDITION
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Foreman/Croft used a similar illustration of the same concept in 1995:
Loss of translational motion segment integrity can result in both retrolisthesis (the backward displacement of one vertebra in
relation to the vertebral body immediately below it) or anterolisthesis (forward displacement). Trauma is a well-recognized cause of
this phenomenon. See the illustration below which shows both anterolisthesis (top left) and retrolisthesis (bottom left) due to
rupture of the capsular ligament:
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Research has proven that overstretching of these ligaments without tear or complete rupture can result in almost the same amount
of laxity as with a tear or complete rupture.
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