Page 113 - 100 Reflections that Crafted Geneva International_V-Petrovsky_private special edition

Bringing the Concept to Life

particular on scope, verification, entry into force, compliance, and the
Organization entrusted with implementing the provisions of the treaty, the two
Working Groups were established. Working Group 1 on Verification was
chaired by Ambassador Wolfgang Hoffman of Germany. Working Group 2 on
Legal and Institutional Issues was chaired by Ludwik Dembinski of Poland. In
addition, six Friends of the Chair were appointed to deal with the following
specific issues: for Working Group 1, seismic techniques; non-seismic issues;
on-site activities; and transparency measures; and for Working Group 2,
organization; and entry into force of the treaty.

Working Group 1 discussed the possible content of а verification regime
and collected text elements for а "rolling text", or compilation of draft treaty
articles. Members and non-members of the Conference submitted numerous
10
documents and working papers , most of which dealt with the issues of
verification. Under the Friends of the Chair, experts made а considerable
number of presentations on the technical aspects of the different measures of
verification of а nuclear test ban treaty in order to assist delegations in
identifying the possible elements of а verification regime and to prepare the
ground for the necessary political decisions. Experts also provided delegations
with alternative options for decisions on details of an international monitoring
system and other verification measures, with the objective of helping the Ad
Нос Committee to elaborate treaty language.

The Working Group presented to the Ad Нос Committee draft language
on provisions on verification issues for inclusion in the rolling text. Included in
this rolling text are proposals for seismic monitoring techniques, which the
Group agreed should be а basic method of verification, as well as such non-
seismic techniques as atmospheric radionuclide monitoring, а hydroacoustic
monitoring of underwater explosions, the establishment of а network of infra-
sound stations, а global satellite monitoring system , and а ground-based
11
electromagnetic pulse (ЕМР) monitoring system. The Conference on Dis-
armament's Group of Scientific Experts, established in 1976, presented to the

10 See the United Nations Report of the Conference on Disarmament to the General
Assembly, Official Records, Forty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/49/27) pp 9-
21 (note by V. Petrovsky).
11 Report of the Ad Нос Group of Scientific Experts to consider International
Cooperative Measures to Detect and Identify Seismic Events to the Ad Нос
Committee on а Nuclear Test Ban on International Seismic Monitoring and the
GSETT-3 Experiment (CD/1254) (note by V. Petrovsky).

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