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5.1 Present Perfect: Statements

Statements Contractions
Past I have I’ve
Subject Have or Has (Not)
Participle You have You’ve
He has he’s
have
I/We/You/They planned my trip. She has She’s
have not/haven’t
It has It’s
We have We’ve
has
He/She/It eaten dinner. You have You’ve
has not/hasn’t
They have They’ve

1. Use the present perfect:
the plane arrived
a. for a recently completed action a.
now
The plane has arrived.
b. when a time period is not complete, b. John hasn’t called today.
such as this morning, this afternoon, (It’s only 4:00 p.m.)
today, this week
read that book
c. for an action or event that happened c.
one or more times at an indefinite time now
in the past I have read that book three times.

d. when the time of the past action or d. I have washed the dishes.
event is not known or important, but (They are clean now.)
the result of or the experience from the Nancy has lived in Mexico City.
action or event is.
(She knows a lot about it.)

2. The present perfect is formed with have or My brother worked late yesterday. (simple past)
has + the past participle of the verb. The He has worked late a lot recently. (present perfect)
past participle of regular verbs is the same
form as the simple past (the base form of
the verb + -ed).

3. Many verbs have irregular past participles.* Base Simple Past Past Participle
do did done
get got got/gotten
go went gone
have had had
make made made

*See page A4 for a list of irregular verbs.

4 Complete each sentence with the present perfect form of the verb in parentheses.

1. The Aral Sea has become (become) ten times smaller in the last 50 years.

2. The dam (not help) the southern Aral Sea.

3. The Aral Sea (be) the topic of many discussions.

4. We (not hear) the latest news about the Aral Sea.

124 The PReSeNT PeRFeCT
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