Page 174 - Grammar Explorer 2 - demo

Connect the Grammar to Writing

1 READ & NOTICE THE GRAmmAR.

A What kinds of changes have you read about in this unit? Discuss your ideas with a partner.
Then read the text below.

Since the Sun Went Down
An owl sitting on a
branch at night The sun went down three hours ago. Since then, it’s
gotten very dark. The moon has risen, and the stars have
been appearing in the sky.

Many birds, butterflies, and small animals have
disappeared for the night. Others have become active.
A raccoon is in my yard. It’s been coming into my yard
every night this winter. I hear an owl. I’ve heard it a few
times before.
Since the sun went down, it’s become much colder.
The temperature has already dropped six degrees. I’ve
put on a warm sweater, socks, and slippers. I like a lot of
things about winter, but not the cold!

GRAmmAR FOCUS
In exercise A, the writer uses the present perfect to describe recently completed
actions or events.
It has gotten very dark.
The temperature has already dropped six degrees.
The writer uses the present perfect progressive to talk about actions that started
in the past and continue to the present.
It has been coming into my yard every night this winter.

B Read the text in exercise A again. Underline the present perfect verbs and circle the present
perfect progressive verbs. Then work with a partner and compare your answers.

C In exercise A, the writer begins with a statement about a recent time and event. Then she
describes recent changes caused by this event. Complete the chart with information about
these changes.

Recent event: The sun went down.

Changes:
It’s goten very dark.

154 The PReSeNT PeRFeCT
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