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13.1 Necessity: Must and Have To

Must Have To
You must arrive on time. She has to arrive on time.
They must finish by the end of the day. We have to finish by the end of the day.
I had to leave before class ended.

Questions with Have To Short Answers
do you have to leave? Yes, I do.
does she have to go? No, she doesn’t.
Why do we have to be early? Because it’s polite.
What did he have to do? He had to apologize to the coach.

1. Use the modal must or the similar expression have Players must start at the same time.
to + the base form of a verb to mean need to. A soccer team has to score goals to win.

2. Must is common in formal situations, such as when Drivers must wear seat belts.
expressing rules or laws as an authority. You must be quiet during the test.

3. Have to is common when talking about something My child is sick. I have to leave early.
you need to do yourself. We have to be on time. Hurry!
4. Have got to is an informal way to say something is Hurry up! We’ve got to go.
necessary. It is common in conversation, and it is She’s got to leave now or she’ll be late.
usually contracted.

5. To express that something was necessary in the ✓ We had to go to the store earlier.
past, use had to. Must and have got to cannot be ✗ We must go to the store earlier.
used for the past. ✗ We had got to go to the store earlier.
6. For questions, use a form of do + have to. Must and do I have to stay home?
have got to are not usually used in questions. does he have to attend every class?

4 Circle the correct answers to complete the conversations. In some cases, both answers
are possible.

1. Official: Excuse me. You (1) must / have to leave cell phones in a locker.

Player: Sorry, sir.

2. Player: Do we (2) must / have to join a specific group?
Official: Yes, you (3) must / have to check this list and find your group.

3. Player: Excuse me, where do we (4) must / have to sign in?

Official: You’re late. You (5) must / had to sign in by 9:00 a.m. this morning.

4. Friend 1: Sorry, I couldn’t call you. I (6) must / had to put my cell phone in a locker.
Friend 2: Oh, yeah. Did you (7) have to / had to apologize to the coach?
Friend 1: Yes. I (8) have to / had to do extra exercises, too. My arms hurt!

5. Player 1: Hey, you (9) ’ve got to / got to be careful.

Player 2: Sorry. I’m tired. I (10) had got / had to wake up early this morning.

352 ModalS: Part 2
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