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Step 1 - Identify areas for improvement based on available data 29
1.1 Surveillance data 29
1.2 Audit 30
Step 2 - Develop and implement targeted AMS interventions 32
based on the identified areas of concern in Step 1
Step 3 - Assess the effectiveness of interventions 38

A.3 ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMME MEASUREMENT 40
Structural Measures 40
Process Measures 41
Outcome Measures (after AMS interventions) 42

SECTION B: ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMME IN PRIMARY CARE 43

B.1 ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP TEAM 43
Strategies and activities of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme 43
Antimicrobial Stewardship Team Members 44
Roles and responsibilities 44

B.2 ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES 45
1. Implementation of Treatment Guidelines and Clinical Pathways 45
2. Surveillance and Feedback 45
3. Audit and Feedback 46
4. Formulary Restriction 48
5. Antibiotic Selection and Dose Optimization 48
6. Education 48

B.3 ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMME MEASUREMENT 49
A. Process indicators 49
B. Outcome indicators 49

REFERENCES 50

APPENDICES 53

14 Protocol on Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) Programme in Healthcare Facilities | Second Edition 2022