Page 200 - Physiology and Pathophysiology MNU 2024-2025 نظرى

Clinical pharmacy 2024/2025 Level 2 Pharm D Physiology and Pathophysiology (MD303)

2) Forms of nutrients

Ingested Form of Nutrient Molecules Absorbable Form of Nutrient Molecules
Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides:

 Polysaccharides (starch): a. Glucose
 Disaccharides: b. Galactose

a. Lactose (milk sugar) c. Fructose
b. Sucrose (table sugar)
Proteins Amino acids
Fats: a. Monoglycerides

➢ Triglycerides b. Free fatty acids
➢ Cholesterol c. Glycerol

➢ Cholesterol ester d. Cholesterol.

 Not all ingested materials are completely digested and absorbed by the human
gastrointestinal tract.
 ex cellulose, fibrous form of plant carbohydrates➔indigestible by humans.

3) Organs of the digestive system

The digestive system consists of:

The gastrointestinal tract The accessory digestive organs
 A tube that runs through the center of  Exist outside the gastrointestinal tract.

the body from the mouth to the anus.  However, each of these organs empties
 This tube consists of the following secretions into the gastrointestinal tract.
organs:  These accessory digestive organs

a. Mouth include:
b. Pharynx a. Salivary glands
c. Esophagus b. Liver

d. Stomach c. Gall bladder
e. Small intestine d. Pancreas
f. Large intestine

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