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2. Failure Approach for piles in Saturated Clay:
This approach compares the individual failure
with the block failure.
The individual failure means the soil between
piles remains stationary and the piles punch
through it.
The block failure means the soil moves with
the piles as a large single unit.
The group efficiency equal the ratio between
the circumference of the pile group to sum of
pile perimeters.

 = 2s(m  n) + 4D  1
 m nD

Types of failure in pile groups: (a) individual failure occurs along the perimeter of
each pile, (b) block failure occurs along the perimeter of the piles group

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