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Toughness (T) & Modulus of Toughness (M T):

Tensile test

1 - Ductile materials (mild steel)
1-1 Mechanical behavior of ductile materials under static tension

Stress = P/A

σu C
σr D

σy B Necking zone
σ pl A

Strain = Δl/l

Stress – strain curve of Mild steel
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