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Chapter 2 (Portland Cement)
Cement is a hydraulic binder, i.e. a finely ground inorganic material which, when mixed with
water, forms a paste which sets and hardens by means of hydration reactions and processes
and which, after hardening, retains its strength and stability even under water ”.
Raw Materials of cement composed mainly of four major oxides (lime from Lime stone) and
(silica, alumina, iron from clay). These oides represent about 90 % from the over all oxides.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF P.C.
Oxide Common Name Abbreviation Approx. Amount (%)
CaO Lime 60-65
SiO2 Silica C 02-25
Al2O3 S 3-8
Fe2O3 Alumina A 0.5-6
MgO Iron-oxide F 0.1-4
Na2O Magnesia M
K2O N 0.2-1.3
SO3 Soda K
Potassa Ś 1-3
Sulfuric Anhydride
COMPOUND COMPOSITION OF P.C. (OR CLINKER)
Name Chemical Formula Abbreviations
Tri Calcium Silicate 3CaO.SiO2 C3S
Di Calcium Silicate 2CaO.SiO2 C2S
Tri Calcium Aluminate 3CaO.Al2O3 C3A
Tetra Calcium Alumino Ferrit C4AF
4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3
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