Page 28 - Clinical Biochemistry

• To differentiate between the cases that the liver is diseased or the existence of an
obstruction, inj. the patient with vit K. If the PT improves, therefore there was an obstruction.
If not therefore the liver was diseased.

ALT, AST
• If 20-100 x therefore acute liver disease.
• If 4-5x or up to 20x therefore chronic liver disease.
• The AST is in mitochondria whereas the ALT is in the cytoplasm, therefore in severe cases
u will find both high values.
• ALP: 3-5X higher in cholestasis cases.

Objectives:

By the end of this chapter, the student should identify the functions of the liver, liver
function tests, liver diseases and diagnosis of liver diseases

Chapter 3:

Urinalysis
Outlines:

• Physical tests for abnormal characters.
• Chemical tests for abnormal chemical constituents.
• Microscopic exam for abnormal insoluble constituents

Urine
• Urine is a liquid product of the body that is secreted by the kidneys.
• It is a clear, transparent fluid which normally has an amber colour.
• The average amount of urine excreted is about 1,200 cubic centimetres per 24 hours.
• About 95% of the volume of normal urine is due to water. The other 5% consists of solutes
which may be the results of normal biochemical activity within cells or due to chemicals that
originated outside the body, such as pharmaceutical drugs.

Functions of urine