Page 30 - Clinical Biochemistry

Protein Negative Bacteria Negative
Glucose Negative RBCs 0-5/hpf
Ketones Negative WBCs 0-5/hpf
Bilirubin Negative Casts 0-5/lpf

A- Color: Pathological Non-pathological
Sample

Orange Bilirubin Rhubarb or Carrots

Dark yellow Bilirubin or urobilin Concentrated or Carrots

Green Oxidized Bilirubin or pseudomonas Vitamin B Complex or Clorets
Red or pink RBCs, Heamoglobin Beets

Brown or Black Biliary Pigments Rhubarb

Pale yellow Diabetes mellitus or Diabetes insipidus Large Fluid intake

B- Appearance:

Sample Pathological Non-Pathological
Amorphous Urate Pink (acid pH)
Cloudy WBCs, Bacteria Amorphous Phosphates White (alk pH)

Epithelial cells Radiographic media

Smoky RBCs

Milky Fats

C- Odour: Pathological Non-pathological
Sample Urinary tract infection Old Urine
Ammonia