Page 55 - Pharmaceutics III_ 02-06-01304_Fall 2025_ Pharm D_Electronic book
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o Due to low humidity or over-drying.
3. Color fading or opacity change:
o Caused by light or oxidation.
4. Weight variation:
o Caused by improper fill or segregation.
Advantages of Capsules Over Tablets:
• Easier to swallow.
• Better bioavailability for some drugs.
• Can contain liquids or semi-solids.
• Reduced dust during manufacturing.
• Possibility of combination fillings.
Disadvantages:
• Sensitive to moisture and temperature.
• Not suitable for strongly hygroscopic drugs.
• Limited capacity.
Example Capsule Formulations:
Drug Type Fill material Remarks
Ibuprofen Softgel PEG 400 + PG Improved
absorption
Omeprazole Hard gelatin (enteric Sugar sphere cores coated with Delayed release
pellets) Eudragit
Vitamin E Softgel Vegetable oil Protects from
oxidation
Chloramphenicol Hard gelatin Granules Antibiotic use
Excipients Used in Capsules:
1. Diluents: lactose, starch, MCC, dicalcium phosphate.
2. Lubricants: Mg stearate, stearic acid, talc.
3. Disintegrants: starch, crosspovidone, sodium starch glycolate.
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