Page 50 - Pharmaceutics III_ 02-06-01304_Fall 2025_ Pharm D_Electronic book
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Capsules
Definition: solid dosage form in which drug substance is enclosed within a soluble container or
shell, usually made of gelatin.
Advantages:
1. Tasteless and odorless.
2. Easier to swallow.
3. Protect sensitive drugs from light and air.
4. Allow flexible formulation (liquid, solid).
5. Better bioavailability for certain drugs.
Disadvantages:
1. Hygroscopic materials may cause shell softening.
2. Not suitable for very soluble or deliquescent substances.
3. Costlier than tablets.
Types of Capsules:
1. Hard Gelatin Capsules (HGC): for powders, granules, pellets, semi-solids.
2. Soft Gelatin Capsules (SGC): for oils, pastes, and non-aqueous liquids.
Composition of Hard Gelatin Shells:
• Gelatin (60–70%)
• Water (12–16%)
• Colorants and opacifiers (titanium dioxide)
• Preservatives (methyl & propyl paraben)
• Sometimes small amount of surfactant (sodium lauryl sulfate).
Production of Hard Gelatin Capsules:
1. Dipping: stainless steel pins dipped into gelatin solution maintained at 45–50°C.
2. Rotation: to ensure uniform film.
3. Drying: in controlled humidity to remove moisture.
4. Stripping: capsule shells removed from pins.
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