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hydrolysis of the glycosides, which are localized in the outer layers, outside
the cambium (not in xylem and pith which constitute most of the root).

So, commercial white Ginseng is not recommended because it
results in appreciable loss of glycosides.

Constituents:
• Ginseng contains a number of saponin glycosides known as

ginsenosides (Japan) or Panaxosides (Russia), these are mixtures of
steroidal and triterpenoidal glycosides, termed Panaxosides A, B, C,
• High molecular weight polysaccharides known as panaxans A, B, C
…….with hypoglycemic activity
• Volatile oil, resin, sterols, vitamins, amino acids, peptides and trace
elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mg).

Microscopical test for ginsenosides:
A T.S. of the root (6 years old) is treated with alcoholic solution of
Silicotungestic acid, the outer most layers (oil canals) turned purple (cortex
& outer part of the phloem, outside the cambium.

Uses of Ginseng:
1- Adaptogenic activity: Ginseng has normalizing action to balance the

body functions, irrespective of the biological state of the body. The two
main ginsenosides suppress and stimulate the C.N.S. These opposing
actions may be the cause of the adaptogenic description of the drug and
its ability to balance the body functions.
2- Ginseng increases the mental and physical capacity for work due to its
stimulant effect on CNS.

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